Operands and Operators

Example:

int x = 20 + 5;

Why Do We Need Operators?

• To perform mathematical calculations.
• To compare two values.
• To make decisions inside programs.
• To assign values to variables.
• To increase or decrease values quickly.

1. Arithmetic Operators

These operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Click the next page to learn the types of arithmetic operators.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10;
    int b = 3;

    cout << "Sum = " << a + b << endl;
    cout << "Product = " << a * b << endl;
    cout << "Modulus = " << a % b << endl;

    return 0;
}

2. Assignment Operators

These operators assign values to variables. Some of them also perform calculations while assigning.

Click the next page for full details.

=     Simple assignment
+=    a += b   → a = a + b
-=    a -= b   → a = a - b
*=    a *= b   → a = a * b
/=    a /= b   → a = a / b
%=    a %= b   → a = a % b

3. Relational (Comparison) Operators

These operators are used to compare two values. They return true or false.

Click the next page for detailed explanation.

==   Equal to
!=   Not equal to
>    Greater than
<    Less than
>=   Greater than or equal to
<=   Less than or equal to

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine two or more conditions. They return true or false. They are very useful in decision-making.

Click the next page to learn more.

&&   Logical AND
||   Logical OR
!    Logical NOT

5. Increment & Decrement Operators

Used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1.

Click the next page to learn prefix & postfix.

++a   Pre-increment
a++   Post-increment
--a   Pre-decrement
a--   Post-decrement

6. Bitwise Operators

These operators work on binary bits and perform bit-level operations.

Click the next page to learn more about each operator.

&     Bitwise AND
|     Bitwise OR
^     Bitwise XOR
~     Bitwise NOT
<<    Left Shift
>>    Right Shift

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

This operator works like a short form of if-else.

Click the next page for more.

condition ? value1 : value2

Summary: