Packages in Java

What is a Package?

A package in Java is a namespace that groups related classes and interfaces together. Think of it like a folder in your computer — it helps organize your files (classes) and avoid name conflicts.

Why Use Packages?

Feature	Description
Namespace Control	Avoids name clashes between classes from different packages.
Code Organization	Helps organize large projects logically (like utils, models, controllers).
Access Protection	Supports access modifiers (e.g., protected, package-private).
Reusability	Classes can be reused across projects via imports.

Types of Packages

Type	Description	Example
Built-in	Provided by Java (JDK)	java.util, java.io
User-defined	Created by developers for custom use	package myapp.utils;

Syntax of Defining a Package

At the top of the .java file:

package myproject; // define package name

public class Hello {
    public void greet() {
        System.out.println("Hello from ShikshaSanchar!");
    }
}

How to Use a Class from a Package

You need to import it before using:

import myproject.Hello;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Hello h = new Hello();
        h.greet();
    }
}

Example: Creating and Using a Package

File: myapp/Student.java

package myapp;

public class Student {
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("Student class inside 'myapp' package");
    }
}

File: Test.java (outside the package)

import myapp.Student;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s = new Student();
        s.show();
    }
}

Output:

Student class inside 'myapp' package

Folder Structure:

Project Root/
│
├── myapp/
│   └── Student.java
│
└── Test.java

Compile with:

javac myapp/Student.java
javac -cp . Test.java
java Test

Summary

Feature	Explanation
Definition	Container for related classes/interfaces
Syntax	package packagename; at the top of file
Usage	import packagename.ClassName;
Types	Built-in (java.util), User-defined
Benefits	Organization, name conflict resolution, access control

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