Statements in Java

What is a Statement?

A statement in Java is a complete command that instructs the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to perform an action. Every statement ends with a semicolon (;) and may include expressions, declarations, assignments, method calls, loops, and more.

Types of Statements

Type	Description	Example
Declaration Statement	Declares a variable	int a;
Initialization / Assignment Statement	Assigns value to a variable	a = 10;
Expression Statement	Evaluates an expression	a = a + 5;
Method Call Statement	Calls a method	System.out.println("Hello");
Control Flow Statement	Controls program execution flow	if (a > 10) { ... }
Loop Statement	Repeats block of code	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { ... }
Jump Statement	Transfers control	break;, continue;, return;

Rules for Writing Statements

                    Every statement must end with a semicolon (;)
A block of code (like inside if, for, method, class) can contain multiple
                                statements
You can combine declaration + assignment in one line:

                            int x = 10;

Examples

public class StatementExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int math = 90;                     // Declaration + Assignment
        int science = 95;                  // Declaration + Assignment
        int total = math + science;        // Expression Statement
        System.out.println(total);         // Method Call Statement
        if (total > 180) {              // Control Flow Statement (if)
            System.out.println("Excellent");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {   // Loop Statement (for)
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}

Output:

185

Excellent

Explanation:

Code	Explanation
int math = 90;	Declares a variable and assigns 90
int science = 95;	Declares and assigns 95
int total = math + science;	Adds values and stores in total (expression statement)
System.out.println(total);	Prints the total value (method call statement)
if (total > 180) { ... }	Checks a condition and prints "Excellent" if true
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)	Loops 3 times and prints index values 0, 1, 2

Statement vs Expression

Statement	Expression
A complete instruction that does something	A combination of variables, operators, and values that results in a value
Ends with a semicolon (;)	Can be part of a larger statement
Example: x = x + 5;	Expression inside: x + 5

Note: Every expression can be part of a statement, but not all statements are just expressions.

Summary

Feature	Description
End Symbol	; (semicolon)
Includes	Declaration, Assignment, Method Call, Control Flow, Loops, etc.
Not Included	Comments, White space, Class/Method definitions
Execution	Java executes one statement at a time in sequence

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